S., Mrs. “A Woman Sentences Czolgosz.” World 18 Sept. 1901 v42n14638: p. 6. READ

S., G. J. “The Assassin’s Name.” Buffalo Evening News 13 Sept. 1901 v42n132: p. 9. READ

SEE Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de

SEE Hasan ibn al-Sabbāh

“Musings without Method.” Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine Oct. 1901 v170n132: pp. 559-69. READ

Lauer, Solon. “A Prefatory Postscript.” Mark Hanna. Cleveland: Nike, 1901: pp. iii-xiv. READ

SEE Francis of Assisi

Andrews, E. Benjamin. “The Pan-American Exposition, 1901” [chapter 18]. History of the United States. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1903: pp. 341-58. READ

“Find No Plot in Cleveland.” Chicago Daily Tribune 11 Sept. 1901 v60n254: part 1, p. 2. READ

Langtoft, Geoffrey. “Anarchy a Crime, Not a Disease.” Chicago Sunday Tribune 15 Sept. 1901 v60n258: part 2, p. 13. READ

Langtoft, Geoffrey. “Assassination a Fruit of Socialism.” Fortnightly Review 1 Oct. 1901 v70n418 (new series): pp. 571-80. READ

“Another Suspect Arrested.” Iowa State Register 13 Sept. 1901 v46n216: p. 1. READ

“Deny Bail to Anarchists.” Chicago Daily Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v60n253: part 1, p. 1. READ

Fowler, Charles Henry. “William McKinley.” Patriotic Orations. Ed. Carl Hitchcock Fowler. New York: Eaton and Mains, 1910: pp. 189-244. READ

“McKinley, William.” The International Year Book. Ed. Frank Moore Colby. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1902: pp. 464-69. READ

Stratemeyer, Edward. “Chronology of the Life of William McKinley” [appendix B]. American Boys’ Life of William McKinley. Boston: Lothrop, Lee, and Shephard, 1901: pp. 309-16. READ

“Why Should the Doctors Quarrel?” World 17 Sept. 1901 v42n14637: p. [8]. READ

Lauer, Solon. “A Prefatory Postscript.” Mark Hanna. Cleveland: Nike, 1901: pp. iii-xiv. READ

“Czolgosz May Be Tried Next Week.” Buffalo Sunday News 15 Sept. 1901 v28n45: p. [?]. READ

“Dr Eugene Wasdin.” News and Courier 14 Sept. 1901: p. 8. READ

“Little Chance of a Panic.” Washington Times 7 Sept. 1901 n2660: p. 3. READ

“President M’Kinley Shot.” Chicago Daily News 6 Sept. 1901 v26n214: part 1, p. 1. READ

“Governor Savage on Anarchy.” Omaha Sunday Bee 8 Sept. 1901: part 1, p. 2. READ

Benjamin, Louis, and Albert Durrant Watson. “Messages of Fifty-Five Minds through One Soul.” Birth through Death. New York: James A. McCann, 1920: pp. 244-56. READ

Banks, Charles Eugene, and Le Roy Armstrong. “Succeeds to the Presidency” [chapter 19]. Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. Chicago: S. Stone, 1901: pp. 369-78. READ

Banks, Charles Eugene, and Le Roy Armstrong. “Succeeds to the Presidency” [chapter 19]. Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. Chicago: S. Stone, 1901: pp. 369-78. READ

“McKinley, Ida Saxton.” The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Ed. Rossiter Johnson. Vol. 7. Boston: Biographical Society, 1904: [no pagination]. READ

“McKinley, Ida Saxton.” The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Ed. Rossiter Johnson. Vol. 7. Boston: Biographical Society, 1904: [no pagination]. READ

“Mrs. M’Kinley Dies in Canton Cottage.” New York Times 27 May 1907 v56n18020: p. 1. READ

“McKinley, Ida Saxton.” The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Ed. Rossiter Johnson. Vol. 7. Boston: Biographical Society, 1904: [no pagination]. READ

“McKinley, Mrs. Ida Saxton.” American Women: Fifteen Hundred Biographies. Ed. Frances E. Willard and Mary A. Livermore. Rev. ed. Vol. 2. New York: Mast, Crowell, and Kirkpatrick, 1897: pp. 487-88. READ

“Impressive Sight.” Times [Richmond] 19 Sept. 1901 v16n192: pp. 1, 3. READ

“Another Suspect Arrested.” Iowa State Register 13 Sept. 1901 v46n216: p. 1. READ

“Arrest of a Physician in Connection with the Murder of the President.” Medical Record 21 Sept. 1901 v60n12: p. 460. READ

“No Evidence of Plot.” New York Times 17 Sept. 1901 v50n16129: p. 2. READ

“Credit Men and Credit Associations.” American Lawyer Oct.-Nov. 1901 v9n10: p. 537. READ

“The Church Universal and the Attempted Assassination.” Congregationalist and Christian World 14 Sept. 1901 v86n37: p. 396. READ

Sherman, John. “Personal Sketch of Hon. William McKinley” [chapter 1]. Life and Distinguished Services of Hon. Wm. McKinley and the Great Issues of 1896. By Murat Halstead. [n.p.]: Edgewood, 1896: pp. 17-29. READ

“Lesson of the Czolgosz Trial.” Nation 31 Oct. 1901 v73n1896: pp. 332-33. READ

Banks, Charles Eugene, and Le Roy Armstrong. “Succeeds to the Presidency” [chapter 19]. Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. Chicago: S. Stone, 1901: pp. 369-78. READ

Larned, J. N. “In the Era of the Railways: 1851-1908” [section 1, chapter 3]. A History of Buffalo. Vol. 1. New York: Progress of the Empire State, 1911: pp. 62-96. READ

“Solid Food Given to the President.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle 12 Sept. 1901 v61n253: p. 1. READ

Wellman, Walter. “The Last Days of President M’Kinley: His Visit to Buffalo, the Tragedy, and the Nation’s Mourning.” American Monthly Review of Reviews Oct. 1901 v24n4: pp. 414-30. READ

Wilson, Nelson W. “Details of President McKinley’s Case.” Buffalo Medical Journal Oct. 1901 v41n3 (new series): pp. 207-25. READ

Banks, Charles Eugene, and Le Roy Armstrong. “Succeeds to the Presidency” [chapter 19]. Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. Chicago: S. Stone, 1901: pp. 369-78. READ

“Cut the Taproot of Anarchy.” Congregationalist and Christian World 21 Sept. 1901 v86n38: p. 410. READ

Larned, J. N. “In the Era of the Railways: 1851-1908” [section 1, chapter 3]. A History of Buffalo. Vol. 1. New York: Progress of the Empire State, 1911: pp. 62-96. READ

“Burns Out Buffalo Police.” New York Times 2 Nov. 1907 v57n18179: p. 1. READ

Chapple, Joe Mitchell. “Affairs at Washington.” National Magazine Nov. 1901 v15n2: pp. 131-55. READ

Masters, Edgar Lee. “Theodore Roosevelt.” The New Star Chamber and Other Essays. Chicago: Hammersmark Publishing, 1904: pp. 25-36. READ

Hamilton, Allan McLane. “Political Murders” [chapter 21]. Recollections of an Alienist. New York: George H. Doran, 1916: pp. 342-68. READ

Lauer, Solon. “A Prefatory Postscript.” Mark Hanna. Cleveland: Nike, 1901: pp. iii-xiv. READ

“Words That May Have Inspired Czolgosz.” Buffalo Evening News 10 Sept. 1901 v42n129: p. 7. READ

“News.” Public 14 Sept. 1901 v4n180: pp. 360-62. READ

Fowler, Charles Henry. “William McKinley.” Patriotic Orations. Ed. Carl Hitchcock Fowler. New York: Eaton and Mains, 1910: pp. 189-244. READ

“McKinley, William.” The International Year Book. Ed. Frank Moore Colby. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1902: pp. 464-69. READ

Stratemeyer, Edward. “Chronology of the Life of William McKinley” [appendix B]. American Boys’ Life of William McKinley. Boston: Lothrop, Lee, and Shephard, 1901: pp. 309-16. READ

“Why Should the Doctors Quarrel?” World 17 Sept. 1901 v42n14637: p. [8]. READ

“Hint of a M’Kinley Plot.” Chicago Daily Tribune 23 Sept. 1901 v60n266: p. 2. READ

“Deny Bail to Anarchists.” Chicago Daily Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v60n253: part 1, p. 1. READ

“Plans a Shaft for Czolgosz.” Chicago Sunday Tribune 27 Oct. 1901 v60n300: part 1, p. 1. READ

“Corporation Proceedings” [Board of Aldermen]. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Buffalo 14 Sept. 1901 n36: pp. 1505-06. READ

“Corporation Proceedings” [Board of Aldermen]. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Buffalo 14 Sept. 1901 n36: pp. 1505-06. READ

Macfarland, Henry B. F. “The McKinley Memorial Arch.” Saturday Evening Post 30 Nov. 1901 v174n22: p. 13. READ

“Deny Bail to Anarchists.” Chicago Daily Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v60n253: part 1, p. 1. READ

“Demand for Black Drapings.” Milwaukee Sentinel 16 Sept. 1901 n23690: p. 5. READ

“McKinley, William.” The International Year Book. Ed. Frank Moore Colby. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1902: pp. 464-69. READ

“McKinley, William.” The Encyclopædia Britannica. 11th ed. Vol. 17. Cambridge: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911: pp. 256-59. READ

“Anxious Day in Wall Street.” Chicago Daily Tribune 14 Sept. 1901 v60n257: p. 11. READ

“The Assassin’s Deed.” Independent 12 Sept. 1901 v53n2754: pp. 2186-87. READ

Johnson, Francis. “Assassination of William McKinley” [chapter 24]. Famous Assassinations of History. Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1903: pp. 381-95. READ

“Roosevelt Too, Says Most.” New-York Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v61n20022: p. 3. READ

Schuettler, Herman F. “How Anarchy Should Be Watched.” Chicago Sunday Tribune 15 Sept. 1901 v60n258: part 2, p. 13. READ

“Sticks to His First Story.” Iowa State Register 10 Sept. 1901 v46n213: p. 1. READ

“Roosevelt Too, Says Most.” New-York Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v61n20022: p. 3. READ

Watrous, J. A. “A Busy Day for McKinley.” Richard Epps and Other Stories. [n.p.]: [n.p.], 1906: pp. 95-98. READ

Marshall, L. V. “A Representative Stenographer.” Typewriter and Phonographic World Oct. 1901 v18n2: pp. 103-05. READ

“McKinley Memorial Association.” Bankers’ Magazine Nov. 1901 v63n5: pp. 878-79. READ

“The Plain Truth.” Leslie’s Weekly 28 Sept. 1901 v93n2403: p. 278. READ

“News.” Public 14 Sept. 1901 v4n180: pp. 360-62. READ

Erickson, Julius. “A Verified Astrological Prediction on President McKinley’s Second Term.” Metaphysical Magazine Nov. 1901 v15n5: pp. 257-65. READ

Hughes, Charles Hamilton. “Medical Aspects of the Czolgosz Case.” Alienist and Neurologist Jan. 1902 v23n1: pp. 40-52. READ

“Details of Luncheon in President’s Honor.” Buffalo Evening Times 3 Sept. 1901 v35n150: p. 1. READ

“Guiteau Daft; Czolgosz Sane.” Atlanta Constitution 22 Sept. 1901 v34: part 1, p. 4. READ

“Suggestions on Fate of Czolgosz.” Buffalo Enquirer 9 Sept. 1901 v58n36: p. 12. READ

Quip. “Czolgosz.” New Zealand Tablet 17 Oct. 1901 v29n42: p. 18. READ

“Death of the President.” Christian Observer 18 Sept. 1901 v89n38: p. 23. READ

“The Case of the President, Continued.” Medical News 21 Sept. 1901 v79n12: pp. 441-42. READ

“Dr. N. J. Senn on M’Kinley’s Hurts.” Chicago Daily News 6 Sept. 1901 v26n214: part 1, p. 1. READ

“Poles Repudiate Him.” Daily Picayune 9 Sept. 1901 v65n228: pp. 1, 7. READ

Malloch, Douglas. “The First McKinley Statue.” National Magazine July 1902 v16n4: pp. 398-401. READ

Larned, J. N. “In the Era of the Railways: 1851-1908” [section 1, chapter 3]. A History of Buffalo. Vol. 1. New York: Progress of the Empire State, 1911: pp. 62-96. READ

“McKinley, William.—March 4, 1897-Sept. 14, 1901.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 20. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: [no pagination]. READ

[untitled]. Virginia Law Register Oct. 1901 v7n6: pp. 432-34. READ

“The People of the State of New York against Leon F. Czolgosz.” Unpublished trial transcript. 23-24, 26 Sept. 1901. READ

Aliquis. “International Sympathy.” Zion’s Herald 2 Oct. 1901 v79n39: pp. 1257-58. READ

“Great Indignation Expressed in Toronto.” Buffalo Evening News 7 Sept. 1901 v42n127: p. 1. READ

Floyd, Silas Xavier. “Extracts from Orations and Addresses” [chapter 17]. Life of Charles T. Walker, D. D. Nashville: National Baptist Publishing Board, 1902: pp. 138-54. READ

Low, A. Maurice. “Theodore Roosevelt.” Forum Nov. 1901 v32: pp. 259-67. READ

“McKinley, William.” The International Year Book. Ed. Frank Moore Colby. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1902: pp. 464-69. READ

“Theodore Roosevelt.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 13. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: pp. 6637-38. READ

Banks, Charles Eugene, and Le Roy Armstrong. “The Future” [chapter 21]. Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. Chicago: S. Stone, 1901: pp. 394-413. READ

Barton, Frederick. “A Christian Gentleman: William McKinley.” Chautauquan Nov. 1901 v34n2: pp. 134-37. READ

Beck, James M. “The Memory of McKinley.” The McKinley Memorial in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: McKinley Memorial Association, 1909: pp. 23-48. READ

Fleming, Thomas. “[The Lion of the Day].” Around the “Pan” with Uncle Hank: His Trip through the Pan-American Exposition. New York: Nut Shell, 1901: pp. 141-47. READ

Fowler, Charles Henry. “William McKinley.” Patriotic Orations. Ed. Carl Hitchcock Fowler. New York: Eaton and Mains, 1910: pp. 189-244. READ

Hill, Kendrick C. “William McKinley.” Stenographer Nov. 1901 v16n10: pp. 255-56. READ

McClure, Alexander K., and Charles Morris. “Opening Words to the Story of a Martyr” [introduction]. The Authentic Life of William McKinley. Memorial ed. [n.p.]: [n.p.], 1901: pp. vii-xii. READ

“Music as an Antidote to Anarchism.” Friend 19 Oct. 1901 v75n14: p. 105. READ

[untitled]. Madison County Times 13 Sept. 1901 v32n7: p. [3]. READ

Rixey, Presley M., Matthew D. Mann, Herman Mynter, Roswell Park, Eugene Wasdin, Charles McBurney, and Charles G. Stockton. “The Case of President McKinley.” Medical Record 19 Oct. 1901 v60n16: pp. 601-06. READ

Wilson, Nelson W. “Details of President McKinley’s Case.” Buffalo Medical Journal Oct. 1901 v41n3 (new series): pp. 207-25. READ

“Church and Organ Music.” Musical Times and Singing-Class Circular 1 Oct. 1901 v42n704: pp. 672-73. READ

“Roosevelt, Theodore.—Sept. 14, 1901, to March 4, 1909.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 20. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: [no pagination]. READ

Masters, Edgar Lee. “Theodore Roosevelt.” The New Star Chamber and Other Essays. Chicago: Hammersmark Publishing, 1904: pp. 25-36. READ

Winchevsky, M. “The Blues Versus the Reds: Suggestions for Laws against the Anarchists.” Comrade Nov. 1901 v1n2: pp. 34-35. READ

“Editor’s Note Book.” American Monthly Magazine Dec. 1901 v19n6: p. 624. READ

Larned, J. N. “In the Era of the Railways: 1851-1908” [section 1, chapter 3]. A History of Buffalo. Vol. 1. New York: Progress of the Empire State, 1911: pp. 62-96. READ

“Items about Banks, Bankers and Trust Co’s.” Commercial and Financial Chronicle 21 Sept. 1901 v73n1891: pp. 589-91. READ

“Stocks Buoyed by Hope.” New-York Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v61n20022: p. 14. READ

Fowler, Charles Henry. “William McKinley.” Patriotic Orations. Ed. Carl Hitchcock Fowler. New York: Eaton and Mains, 1910: pp. 189-244. READ

“Chronological Record of the Life of President William McKinley” [chapter 19]. Life of William McKinley, Our Martyred President. Ed. Samuel Fallows. Chicago: Regan Printing, 1901: pp. 227-31. READ

Fowler, Charles Henry. “William McKinley.” Patriotic Orations. Ed. Carl Hitchcock Fowler. New York: Eaton and Mains, 1910: pp. 189-244. READ

“McKinley, William.” The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 18. New York: Encyclopedia Americana, 1920: pp. 72-73. READ

“McKinley, William.” The Encyclopædia Britannica. 11th ed. Vol. 17. Cambridge: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911: pp. 256-59. READ

“McKinley, William.” The International Year Book. Ed. Frank Moore Colby. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1902: pp. 464-69. READ

“McKinley, William.—March 4, 1897-Sept. 14, 1901.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 20. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: [no pagination]. READ

Stratemeyer, Edward. “Chronology of the Life of William McKinley” [appendix B]. American Boys’ Life of William McKinley. Boston: Lothrop, Lee, and Shephard, 1901: pp. 309-16. READ

Townsend, G. W. “Principal Events during President McKinley’s Administration.” Memorial Life of William McKinley. [n.p.]: [n.p.], 1901: pp. 185-86. READ

West, Henry Litchfield. “William McKinley.” Forum Oct. 1901 v32: pp. 131-37. READ

“William McKinley.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 13. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: pp. 6234-36. READ

Andrews, E. Benjamin. “The Pan-American Exposition, 1901” [chapter 18]. History of the United States. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1903: pp. 341-58. READ

“Washington, September Seventeenth.” Outlook 28 Sept. 1901 v69n4: pp. 215-17. READ

Goldman, Emma. “The Psychology of Political Violence.” Anarchism and Other Essays. New York: Mother Earth, 1910: pp. 85-114. READ

Berkman, Alexander. [untitled]. Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist. New York: Mother Earth, 1912: pp. 412-17. READ

“The Assassination of President McKinley.” World’s Work Oct. 1901 v2n6: pp. 1239-40. READ

“President McKinley.” Bar Oct. 1901 v8n10: pp. 344-46. READ

Beck, James M. “The Memory of McKinley.” The McKinley Memorial in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: McKinley Memorial Association, 1909: pp. 23-48. READ

“Items about Banks, Bankers and Trust Co’s.” Commercial and Financial Chronicle 21 Sept. 1901 v73n1891: pp. 589-91. READ

“No Danger in the Financial World.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch 7 Sept. 1901 v54n17: p. 4. READ

“Stocks Buoyed by Hope.” New-York Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v61n20022: p. 14. READ

Rixey, Presley M., Matthew D. Mann, Herman Mynter, Roswell Park, Eugene Wasdin, Charles McBurney, and Charles G. Stockton. “The Case of President McKinley.” Medical Record 19 Oct. 1901 v60n16: pp. 601-06. READ

Wilson, Nelson W. “Details of President McKinley’s Case.” Buffalo Medical Journal Oct. 1901 v41n3 (new series): pp. 207-25. READ

“Hon. Truman Clark White.” Our County and Its People. Ed. Truman C. White. Vol. 2. [n.p.]: Boston History, 1898: part II, pp. 41-42. READ

Rixey, Presley M., Matthew D. Mann, Herman Mynter, Roswell Park, Eugene Wasdin, Charles McBurney, and Charles G. Stockton. “The Case of President McKinley.” Medical Record 19 Oct. 1901 v60n16: pp. 601-06. READ

Wilson, Nelson W. “Details of President McKinley’s Case.” Buffalo Medical Journal Oct. 1901 v41n3 (new series): pp. 207-25. READ

Langtoft, Geoffrey. “Anarchy a Crime, Not a Disease.” Chicago Sunday Tribune 15 Sept. 1901 v60n258: part 2, p. 13. READ

Langtoft, Geoffrey. “Assassination a Fruit of Socialism.” Fortnightly Review 1 Oct. 1901 v70n418 (new series): pp. 571-80. READ

“Musings without Method.” Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine Oct. 1901 v170n132: pp. 559-69. READ

Skinner, Charles R. “Story of McKinley’s Assassination.” State Service Apr. 1919 v3n4: pp. 20-24. READ

Skinner, Charles R. “Story of McKinley’s Assassination.” State Service Apr. 1919 v3n4: pp. 20-24. READ

Bull, William S. “Police Superintendent’s Report.” Annual Report of the Board of Police of the City of Buffalo. Buffalo: Wenborne-Sumner, 1902: pp. 7-48. READ

“Deputies Are Back from the Trip to Prison.” Buffalo Courier 28 Sept. 1901 v66n271: p. 6. READ

“‘I Am Sorry’ Is Statement of Czolgosz.” Buffalo Evening Times 27 Sept. 1901 v36n11: p. 7. READ

“‘I Am Sorry’ Is Statement of Czolgosz.” Buffalo Evening Times 27 Sept. 1901 v36n11: p. 7. READ

“Adopted a Memorial.” Buffalo Evening News 16 Sept. 1901 v42n134: p. 8. READ

“Editor’s Note Book.” American Monthly Magazine Nov. 1901 v19n5: pp. 527-28. READ

“Poles Repudiate Him.” Daily Picayune 9 Sept. 1901 v65n228: pp. 1, 7. READ

Snow, Jane Elliott. “Opinions of Noted Men” [chapter 17]. The Life of William McKinley, Twenty-Fifth President of the United States. Cleveland: Imperial Press, 1908: pp. 89-90. READ

“Trial of President McKiley’s [sic] Murderer.” Enterprise 25 Sept. 1901 v6n80: p. 1. READ

“At the Milburn House.” New-York Tribune 16 Sept. 1901 v61n20028: pp. 1-2. READ

Banks, Charles Eugene, and Le Roy Armstrong. “Succeeds to the Presidency” [chapter 19]. Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. Chicago: S. Stone, 1901: pp. 369-78. READ

Chapple, Joe Mitchell. “Affairs at Washington.” National Magazine Oct. 1901 v15n1: pp. 5-30. READ

“Effect of Death on Business.” Chicago Daily Tribune 14 Sept. 1901 v60n257: p. 11. READ

“McKinley Memorial Sunday.” Congregationalist and Christian World 20 Sept. 1902 v87n38: p. 395. READ

“McKinley, William.” The Encyclopædia Britannica. 11th ed. Vol. 17. Cambridge: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911: pp. 256-59. READ

“McKinley, William.—March 4, 1897-Sept. 14, 1901.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 20. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: [no pagination]. READ

“M’Kinley Memorial Services at Albany.” New York Times 5 Mar. 1902 v51n16274: p. 8. READ

“No Trace of Poison Is Found.” San Francisco Call 12 Sept. 1901 v90n104: p. 2. READ

Odell, Benjamin B., Jr. “At the McKinley Memorial Ceremonies in the Capitol at Albany, March 4, 1902.” Public Papers of Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. Vol. 2. Albany: J. B. Lyon, 1907: pp. 291-92. READ

“President McKinley Dead.” Timely Topics 20 Sept. 1901 v6n3: pp. 36-37. READ

“Probing for the Bullets.” Chicago Daily News 6 Sept. 1901 v26n214: part 1, p. 1. READ

“Roosevelt, Theodore.—Sept. 14, 1901, to March 4, 1909.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 20. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: [no pagination]. READ

“Secretary Wilson Confident.” Iowa State Register 11 Sept. 1901 v46n214: p. 3. READ

“The Shooting of President McKinley.” Collier’s Weekly 14 Sept. 1901 v27n24: p. 5. READ

“Solid Food Given to the President.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle 12 Sept. 1901 v61n253: p. 1. READ

“Succession to the Presidential Chair.” Harper’s Weekly 21 Sept. 1901 v45n2335: p. 946. READ

Wellman, Walter. “The Last Days of President M’Kinley: His Visit to Buffalo, the Tragedy, and the Nation’s Mourning.” American Monthly Review of Reviews Oct. 1901 v24n4: pp. 414-30. READ

“Southerners on Committee.” Atlanta Constitution 16 Sept. 1901 v34: p. 1. READ

Rev. of The Science of Penology, by Henry M. Boies. Nation 26 Dec. 1901 v73n1904: p. 500. READ

“Music as an Antidote to Anarchism.” Friend 19 Oct. 1901 v75n14: p. 105. READ

“President M’Kinley’s Death.” Nation 19 Sept. 1901 v73n1890: p. 218. READ

Crockett, Walter Hill. “The Beginning of a New Century” [chapter 37]. Vermont: The Green Mountain State. Vol. 4. New York: Century History, 1921: pp. 303-450. READ

Pendel, Thomas F. “Chapter X.” Thirty-Six Years in the White House. Washington, DC: Neale, 1902: pp. 153-68. READ

“Probing for the Bullets.” Chicago Daily News 6 Sept. 1901 v26n214: part 1, p. 1. READ

“Corporation Proceedings” [Board of Councilmen]. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Buffalo 11 Sept. 1901 n35: pp. 1498-1504. READ

“Corporation Proceedings” [Board of Councilmen]. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Buffalo 14 Sept. 1901 n36: pp. 1507-08. READ

“Prayers for the President.” Iowa State Register 8 Sept. 1901 v46n211: p. 1. READ

“Will Pray for the President’s Recovery.” Norfolk Landmark 10 Sept. 1901 v53n12: p. 8. READ

“McKinley, William.” The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 18. New York: Encyclopedia Americana, 1920: pp. 72-73. READ

Beck, James M. “The Memory of McKinley.” The McKinley Memorial in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: McKinley Memorial Association, 1909: pp. 23-48. READ

“Australians Speak of McKinley.” Manila Times 24 Sept. 1901 v2n161: p. 1. READ

“[Cusack, Patrick V.].” Our County and Its People. Ed. Truman C. White. Vol. 2. [n.p.]: Boston History, 1898: part III, p. 559. READ

“Whole City Aghast.” Chicago Daily News 6 Sept. 1901 v26n214: part 1, p. 1. READ

[untitled]. Philistine Oct. 1901 v13n5: pp. 159-60. READ

Bull, William S. “Police Superintendent’s Report.” Annual Report of the Board of Police of the City of Buffalo. Buffalo: Wenborne-Sumner, 1902: pp. 7-48. READ

“Crime Is Hated by His Family.” Atlanta Constitution 25 Sept. 1901 v34: p. 3. READ

[Czolgosz Bertillon Card]. Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society Archives, A90-4. 1901. READ

“Czolgosz Indicted.” Journal and Herald 19 Sept. 1901 v35n35: p. [4]. READ

“Czolgosz’s State of Mind.” Burlington Hawk-Eye 22 Sept. 1901 v63n89: p. 1. READ

“The People of the State of New York against Leon F. Czolgosz.” Unpublished trial transcript. 23-24, 26 Sept. 1901. READ

Powers, T. E. “Court-Room Scene during the Trial of President M’Kinley’s Assassin.” World 23 Sept. 1901: p. 2. READ

Townsend, G. W. “Chapter XXIV.” Memorial Life of William McKinley. [n.p.]: [n.p.], 1901: pp. 460-66. READ

Chapple, Joe Mitchell. “Affairs at Washington.” National Magazine Oct. 1901 v15n1: pp. 5-30. READ

“McKinley, William.—March 4, 1897-Sept. 14, 1901.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 20. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: [no pagination]. READ

“American News and Notes.” Philadelphia Medical Journal 5 Oct. 1901 v8n14: p. 543-45. READ

Baginski, Max. “Leon Czolgosz.” Mother Earth Oct. 1906 v1n8: pp. 4-9. READ

“Tributes to President M’Kinley.” Evangelist 19 Sept. 1901 v72n38: pp. 21-22. [excerpt 2 of 2] READ

“Notes and Remarks.” Ave Maria 28 Sept. 1901 v53n13: pp. 406-09. [excerpt 2 of 3] READ

“Southerners on Committee.” Atlanta Constitution 16 Sept. 1901 v34: p. 1. READ

[advertisement]. Poet Lore Autumn 1921 v32: [no pagination]. READ

Berkman, Alexander. [untitled]. Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist. New York: Mother Earth, 1912: pp. 412-17. READ

Gladden, Washington. “Two Kinds of Anarchists.” Leslie’s Weekly 28 Sept. 1901 v93n2403: pp. 278, 291. READ

Holt, Henry. “The Treatment of Anarchism.” American Monthly Review of Reviews Feb. 1902 v25n2: pp. 192-200. READ

Schuettler, Herman F. “How Anarchy Should Be Watched.” Chicago Sunday Tribune 15 Sept. 1901 v60n258: part 2, p. 13. READ

Virstow, Henry. “Anarchism—A Study of Social Forces.” Modern Culture Oct. 1901 v14n2: pp. 140-42. READ

Bannister, H. M. “America.” Journal of Mental Science Jan. 1902 v48n164 (new series): pp. 124-26. READ

“Czolgosz Executed in Auburn Prison.” Afro-American-Ledger 2 Nov. 1901 v10n13: p. [2]. READ

“Czolgosz’s Brain Normal.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch 29 Oct. 1901 v54n69: p. 2. READ

“Echoes and News.” Medical News 2 Nov. 1901 v79n18: pp. 704-07. READ

“Final Report in the Czolgosz Case.” American Journal of Insanity Jan. 1902 v58n3: p. 542. READ

George, Henry, Jr. “Physical, Mental and Moral Deterioration” [section 3, chapter 2]. The Menace of Privilege. New York: Macmillan, 1906: pp. 121-40. READ

Halstead, Murat. “The Author’s Letter: From the Scene of Execution and the Autopsy of the Assassin.” The Illustrious Life of William McKinley, Our Martyred President. [n.p.]: [n.p.], 1901: pp. 465-72. READ

Hughes, Charles Hamilton. “Medical Aspects of the Czolgosz Case.” Alienist and Neurologist Jan. 1902 v23n1: pp. 40-52. READ

“An Impressive Scene.” Madison County Times 1 Nov. 1901 v32n14: p. [3]. READ

MacDonald, Carlos F. “The Execution of Czolgosz.” Medical News 9 Nov. 1901 v79n19: pp. 752-53. READ

MacDonald, Carlos F. “The Trial, Execution, Autopsy and Mental Status of Leon F. Czolgosz, Alias Fred Nieman, the Assassin of President McKinley.” American Journal of Insanity Jan. 1902 v58n3: pp. 369-86. READ

Talbot, Eugene S. “Degeneracy and Political Assassination.” Developmental Pathology. Chicago: [n.p.], 1905: pp. 1-24. READ

Vizetelly, Ernest Alfred. “King Humbert—Bresci—President McKinley—Czolgosz (1898-1901)” [chapter 10]. The Anarchists: Their Faith and Their Record. London: Lane, 1911: pp. 240-59. READ

Wilson, George R. “Anarchism: The Insanity of Delusive Expedient.” Scottish Medical and Surgical Journal Mar. 1902 v10n3: pp. 206-08. READ

MacDonald, Carlos F. “The Trial, Execution, Autopsy and Mental Status of Leon F. Czolgosz, Alias Fred Nieman, the Assassin of President McKinley.” American Journal of Insanity Jan. 1902 v58n3: pp. 369-86. READ

Havel, Hippolyte. “A Reminiscence.” Mother Earth Oct. 1908 v3n8: pp. 320-24. READ

McClure, Alexander K., and Charles Morris. “The Impressive State Funeral Ceremonies” [chapter 22]. The Authentic Life of William McKinley. Memorial ed. [n.p.]: [n.p.], 1901: pp. 349-62. READ

Banks, Charles Eugene, and Le Roy Armstrong. “Succeeds to the Presidency” [chapter 19]. Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. Chicago: S. Stone, 1901: pp. 369-78. READ

Banks, Charles Eugene, and Le Roy Armstrong. “Succeeds to the Presidency” [chapter 19]. Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. Chicago: S. Stone, 1901: pp. 369-78. READ

Larned, J. N. “In the Era of the Railways: 1851-1908” [section 1, chapter 3]. A History of Buffalo. Vol. 1. New York: Progress of the Empire State, 1911: pp. 62-96. READ

“Roosevelt Does Not Fear Harm.” Chicago Daily Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v60n253: part 1, p. 2. READ

“[Milburn, John G.].” Our County and Its People. Ed. Truman C. White. Vol. 2. [n.p.]: Boston History, 1898: part III, p. 33. READ

“[Milburn, John G.].” Our County and Its People. Ed. Truman C. White. Vol. 2. [n.p.]: Boston History, 1898: part III, p. 33. READ

SEE Francis of Assisi

Langtoft, Geoffrey. “Assassination a Fruit of Socialism.” Fortnightly Review 1 Oct. 1901 v70n418 (new series): pp. 571-80. READ

“Tried to Lynch the Doctor.” Atlanta Constitution 16 Sept. 1901 v34: p. 1. READ

Beck, James M. “The Memory of McKinley.” The McKinley Memorial in Philadelphia. Philadelphia: McKinley Memorial Association, 1909: pp. 23-48. READ

Hay, John. “William McKinley.” Addresses of John Hay. New York: Century, 1906: pp. 137-75. READ

Berkman, Alexander. [untitled]. Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist. New York: Mother Earth, 1912: pp. 412-17. READ

“Deny Bail to Anarchists.” Chicago Daily Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v60n253: part 1, p. 1. READ

[untitled]. Bankers’ Magazine Oct. 1901 v63n4: pp. 561-64. READ

Macfarland, Henry B. F. “The McKinley Memorial Arch.” Saturday Evening Post 30 Nov. 1901 v174n22: p. 13. READ

“Corporation Proceedings” [Board of Councilmen]. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Buffalo 11 Sept. 1901 n35: pp. 1498-1504. READ

“Corporation Proceedings” [Board of Councilmen]. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Buffalo 14 Sept. 1901 n36: pp. 1507-08. READ

“Hon. Truman Clark White.” Our County and Its People. Ed. Truman C. White. Vol. 2. [n.p.]: Boston History, 1898: part II, pp. 41-42. READ

Abbott, Lawrence F. “Roosevelt, Theodore.” The Encyclopædia Britannica. 11th ed. Vol. 23. Cambridge: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911: pp. 707-11. READ

“President Never Feared Attack on His Person.” St. Louis Republic 9 Sept. 1901 v94n71: p. 4. READ

[untitled]. Bankers’ Magazine Oct. 1901 v63n4: pp. 567-69. READ

Howland, Harold. “Roosevelt Becomes President” [chapter 6]. Theodore Roosevelt and His Times. Abraham Lincoln ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1921: pp. 73-83. READ

“McKinley, William.” The Encyclopædia Britannica. 11th ed. Vol. 17. Cambridge: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911: pp. 256-59. READ

“McKinley, William.” The International Year Book. Ed. Frank Moore Colby. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1902: pp. 464-69. READ

“Mr. Roosevelt’s Theory of the Vice-Presidency.” American Monthly Review of Reviews Oct. 1901 v24n4: p. 392. READ

“President McKinley: What the World Thought of Him.” Outlook 21 Sept. 1901 v69n3: pp. 162-65. READ

Snow, Jane Elliott. “Opinions of Noted Men” [chapter 17]. The Life of William McKinley, Twenty-Fifth President of the United States. Cleveland: Imperial Press, 1908: pp. 89-90. READ

Stewart, Freeman. “Special Punishment for Presidential Assassination.” Nation 5 Dec. 1901 v73n1901: p. 433. READ

Crockett, Walter Hill. “The Beginning of a New Century” [chapter 37]. Vermont: The Green Mountain State. Vol. 4. New York: Century History, 1921: pp. 303-450. READ

Crockett, Walter Hill. “The Beginning of a New Century” [chapter 37]. Vermont: The Green Mountain State. Vol. 4. New York: Century History, 1921: pp. 303-450. READ

Andrews, E. Benjamin. “Mr. McKinley’s End” [chapter 19]. History of the United States. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1903: pp. 359-81. READ

Hawthorne, Julian, James Schouler, and E. Benjamin Andrews. “McKinley’s End and the Rise of Roosevelt” [chapter 30]. United States: From the Discovery of the North American Continent up to the Present Time. Vol. 9. New York: Co-Operative Publication Society, 1904: pp. 289-310. READ

“Little Chance of a Panic.” Washington Times 7 Sept. 1901 n2660: p. 3. READ

“Stocks Buoyed by Hope.” New-York Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v61n20022: p. 14. READ

Manley, T. H. “Some of the Surgical Aspects of the Assassination of President McKinley.” Medical Times and Register Oct. 1901 v39n10: pp. 260-62. READ

“The Attempted Assassination of President McKinley.” Medical Record 14 Sept. 1901 v60n11: pp. 417-18. READ

“Autopsy on the President.” Sunday News 15 Sept. 1901: p. 1. READ

Banks, Charles Eugene, and Le Roy Armstrong. “Succeeds to the Presidency” [chapter 19]. Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. Chicago: S. Stone, 1901: pp. 369-78. READ

“Better Than Yesterday.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle 13 Sept. 1901 v61n254: p. 1. READ

“A Card from the Doctors.” News and Courier 18 Sept. 1901: p. 1. READ

Chapple, Joe Mitchell. “Affairs at Washington.” National Magazine Oct. 1901 v15n1: pp. 5-30. READ

“Echoes and News.” Medical News 21 Sept. 1901 v79n12: pp. 470-74. READ

“Harmony among the President’s Surgeons.” Medical Record 21 Sept. 1901 v60n12: p. 460. READ

“A Lapse from Life into the Sleep of Death.” Daily Picayune 14 Sept. 1901 v65n233: part 1, p. 10. READ

“Minor Intelligence.” Physician and Surgeon Apr. 1909 v31n4: pp. 185-87. READ

“The M’Kinley Doctor Bills.” Buffalo Evening News 1 Mar. 1902 v43n118: p. 6. READ

Olcott, Charles S. “The Tragedy at Buffalo” [chapter 34]. The Life of William McKinley. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916: pp. 313-33. READ

“The People of the State of New York against Leon F. Czolgosz.” Unpublished trial transcript. 23-24, 26 Sept. 1901. READ

“The Postmortem on the Late President.” Physician and Surgeon Sept. 1901 v23n9: p. 427. READ

“The President’s Case.” Hot Springs Medical Journal 15 Oct. 1901 v10n10: pp. 305-09. READ

Rixey, Presley M., Matthew D. Mann, Herman Mynter, Roswell Park, Eugene Wasdin, Charles McBurney, and Charles G. Stockton. “The Case of President McKinley.” Medical Record 19 Oct. 1901 v60n16: pp. 601-06. READ

“Some Brief Notes Concerning the President’s Surgeons at Buffalo.” Medical News 14 Sept. 1901 v79n11: pp. 424-25. READ

Wilson, Nelson W. “Details of President McKinley’s Case.” Buffalo Medical Journal Oct. 1901 v41n3 (new series): pp. 207-25. READ

Noerr, Catherine R. “Celebration of McKinley’s Birthday.” Kindergarten Review Mar. 1902 v12n7: p. 442. READ

“Knew of the Plot.” Daily Picayune 12 Sept. 1901 v65n231: part 1, p. 2. READ

“Stone Released.” Daily Picayune 13 Sept. 1901 v65n232: part 1, p. 7. READ

“The Floral Offerings.” New York Times 20 Sept. 1901 v51n16132: p. 2. READ

“McKinley Memorial Sunday.” Congregationalist and Christian World 20 Sept. 1902 v87n38: p. 395. READ

Stratemeyer, Edward. “Chronology of the Life of William McKinley” [appendix B]. American Boys’ Life of William McKinley. Boston: Lothrop, Lee, and Shephard, 1901: pp. 309-16. READ

Rixey, Presley M., Matthew D. Mann, Herman Mynter, Roswell Park, Eugene Wasdin, Charles McBurney, and Charles G. Stockton. “The Case of President McKinley.” Medical Record 19 Oct. 1901 v60n16: pp. 601-06. READ

“Storer Feared Heart Trouble.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle 13 Sept. 1901 v61n254: p. 2. READ

“Time Factor in M’Kinley’s Case.” Chicago Daily Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v60n253: part 1, p. 2. READ

“M’Kinley Bodyguard Dead.” New York Times 1 July 1908 v57n18421: p. 7. READ

“Investigation Activities of the Department of Justice.” Senate Documents. Vol. 12. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1919. READ

“The People of the State of New York against Leon F. Czolgosz.” Unpublished trial transcript. 23-24, 26 Sept. 1901. READ

Townsend, G. W. “Chapter XXIV.” Memorial Life of William McKinley. [n.p.]: [n.p.], 1901: pp. 460-66. READ

Malloch, Douglas. “The First McKinley Statue.” National Magazine July 1902 v16n4: pp. 398-401. READ

“Books for the Young” [part 2]. Dial 16 Dec. 1901 v31n372: pp. 520-23. READ

“Roosevelt, Theodore.—Sept. 14, 1901, to March 4, 1909.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 20. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: [no pagination]. READ

“M’Kinley Bodyguard Dead.” New York Times 1 July 1908 v57n18421: p. 7. READ

“President Roosevelt.” Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers Monthly Journal Nov. 1901 v35n11: pp. 688-89. READ

“Roosevelt, Theodore.” Who’s Who in New York City and State. Ed. John W. Leonard. 3rd ed. New York: L. R. Hamersly, 1907: pp. 1124-25. READ

“Roosevelt, Theodore.” Who’s Who in New York City and State. Ed. John W. Leonard. 4th biennial ed. New York: L. R. Hamersly, 1909: pp. 1122-23. READ

“The Church Universal and the Attempted Assassination.” Congregationalist and Christian World 14 Sept. 1901 v86n37: p. 396. READ

“The Church Universal and the Attempted Assassination.” Congregationalist and Christian World 14 Sept. 1901 v86n37: p. 396. READ

“The Case against Czolgosz.” New York Times 11 Sept. 1901 v50n16124: p. 2. READ

“Roosevelt Too, Says Most.” New-York Tribune 10 Sept. 1901 v61n20022: p. 3. READ

“Trial of President McKiley’s [sic] Murderer.” Enterprise 25 Sept. 1901 v6n80: p. 1. READ

[untitled]. Bankers’ Magazine Oct. 1901 v63n4: pp. 561-64. READ

“Church and Organ Music.” Musical Times and Singing-Class Circular 1 Oct. 1901 v42n704: pp. 672-73. READ

“Occasional Notes.” Musical Times and Singing-Class Circular 1 Oct. 1901 v42n704: pp. 665-67. READ

“Corporation Proceedings” [Board of Aldermen]. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Buffalo 14 Sept. 1901 n36: pp. 1505-06. READ

“Stroke of the Rattlesnake.” San Francisco Call 24 Sept. 1901 v90n116: p. 6. READ

SEE Selim III, Ottoman Sultan

Marsh, Daniel L. “Two Supreme Foes of the People, and One Supreme Privilege” [chapter 5]. The Challenge of Pittsburgh. New York: Missionary Education Movement of the United States and Canada, 1917: pp. 145-83. READ

“Corporation Proceedings” [Board of Aldermen]. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Buffalo 14 Sept. 1901 n36: pp. 1505-06. READ

“Corporation Proceedings” [Board of Councilmen]. Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of Buffalo 14 Sept. 1901 n36: pp. 1507-08. READ

“Dr. Swallow Condemned.” Daily Picayune 23 Sept. 1901 v65n242: p. 1. READ

“McKinley, William.—March 4, 1897-Sept. 14, 1901.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 20. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: [no pagination]. READ

“Roosevelt, Theodore.—Sept. 14, 1901, to March 4, 1909.” A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. 20. New York: Bureau of National Literature, [1922]: [no pagination]. READ

“Southerners on Committee.” Atlanta Constitution 16 Sept. 1901 v34: p. 1. READ

Winchevsky, M. “The Blues Versus the Reds: Suggestions for Laws against the Anarchists.” Comrade Nov. 1901 v1n2: pp. 34-35. READ

“Why Anarchy Is Rampant.” Iowa State Register 11 Sept. 1901 v46n214: p. 3. READ

“Stroke of the Rattlesnake.” San Francisco Call 24 Sept. 1901 v90n116: p. 6. READ

Bull, William S. “Police Superintendent’s Report.” Annual Report of the Board of Police of the City of Buffalo. Buffalo: Wenborne-Sumner, 1902: pp. 7-48. READ

Larned, J. N. “In the Era of the Railways: 1851-1908” [section 1, chapter 3]. A History of Buffalo. Vol. 1. New York: Progress of the Empire State, 1911: pp. 62-96. READ

“Czolgosz Sees a Priest, but He Refuses to Repent.” Chicago Daily Tribune 23 Oct. 1901 v60n296: part 2, p. 9. READ

“Underwear to Protect Monarchs.” Chicago Sunday Tribune 22 Sept. 1901 v60n265: part 6, p. 39. READ